Rattles of the church of Vidriales Quiruelas.
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Tenebrario used in the monastery of El Parral. Segovia.
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Old extinguishers of the church of Santa Maria del Azogue de Benavente.
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Benigno, the sexton hills Transmonte the extinguishers in your church.
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Matraca a hasp of the church of Santa Maria del Azogue de Benavente.
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Matracas deck, Feliciano, the sexton of Joarilla de las Matas (León).
Matracas deck, Feliciano, the sexton of Joarilla de las Matas (León).
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Among the variety of liturgical celebrations of the Roman Church during Holy Week, one of the most poignant was always Tenebrae, Officium Tenebrarum , which is nothing thing the singing or recitation of the liturgical hours Matins and Lauds of the Thursday, Friday and Saturday Saints, moved to the previous day, always at dusk, to enable greater participation of Christians. With the song of the various antiphons, responses and psalms and readings for the Triduum sacrum, will remember the Passion of Christ, his agony and death and his funeral and burial. And all in near darkness, with only the candles on a tenebrario.
In this act, in which there was always the sound of rattles, rattles and other objects, as we shall see, they want to remember the last moments in the life of Christ: "From the sixth hour were extended darkness over the land until the ninth hour. By the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice saying, "Eli, Eli, sabacthani motto! (My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me) ... (Matt. 27, 45-46 ). "... The curtain of the temple was torn from top to bottom in two parts, the earth shook and the rocks were split, the monuments were opened and many bodies of saints which slept resurrected ..." (Matt. 27, 51 - 52).
The word, which comes from the Latin tenebras , meaning darkness, no light, it is by the late afternoon when they pray or sing. The same source has tenebrario (tenebrarius) referring to the chandelier triangular of 15 candles or candles that are off during the song. (Some say it only has 13 candles representing the twelve apostles and Jesus Christ, who is represented by the one standing out in the middle of it). This chandelier was made of wood, although they were of iron, and is about a foot high, standing out in the middle of the church or presbytery.
Before the liturgical reform of 1956, this religious act of darkness was celebrated with solemnity and was very striking to the point of being easily remembered by the elderly. Today, even those who pray the hours required to do so, the external rite has disappeared and, if at any place the recall, they do completely different. But here we want to make this a tradition.
Eventually, the evening of Wednesday, the priest, dressed in dark clothes, approaches the altar, light the candle and begins tenebrario songs and readings for these hours. Can accompany the sexton or others.
To all this the church is full of parishioners, was normal at that time almost all the neighbors went to this and the other events of this week. Even the children were happy, it was the day or time, which could touch like the clappers or rattles, saved for the rest del año.
A medida que se van cantando los salmos, se van apagando las velas (salmo a salmo y vela a vela, se decía). Al finalizar, se habían apagado las catorce velas, pues hay tres salmos en cada uno de los tres nocturnos de maitines y cinco en los de laudes. Después de cantar el miserere y apagar la última vela, junto con las demás luces, el templo queda completamente a oscuras. Es en este preciso instante cuando clero y fieles inician el ruido. Los niños tocan sus matracas o carracas; alguien se encarga de que suenen todas las campanas de la iglesia; en algunos lugares, también llevan y tocan otros instrumentos como cencerros, mazos, etc.; o golpean los bancos, patean el suelo e incluso hablan, Shout, or move the couches or chairs in the church. This is causing the most noise. It is the night of noise and darkness, symbolizing the death of Christ. And
, both in parishes and in private homes, used to be rattles knockers or deck, and rattles of one or two tabs, for use in these very days.
Amid the noise, unforgettable for those who lived it, and building or covered in darkness, there were plenty of bad jokes and acts like people up with others, especially among younger people, like nailing dresses and cloaks for women in banks, and they even cause damage to the church furniture, benches, pews and confessionals. This and other reasons the church moved to gradually ceased to celebrate this way.
After no more than ten or fifteen minutes is going on again, little by little, the lights of the church and there was a great silence, a silence, we can say, almost mournful, as is the remembrance of Christ's death that was close. In fact, from this moment, the bells of the church, among other things, cease to ring. Only rattles and rattles were heard in the streets of the village to warn the trades. And so to celebrate the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday in the water, especially light, will be the stars, water purification and light, winner of darkness, as the Resurrection was the winner of death.
In the darkness there was a whole ceremonial, in order to continue to blow out the candles with snuffers (or extinguishers), first the lower side of the Gospel and then the lower side of the letter and so on until the middle, call Mary or some candle white candle, representing Christ, Light of the world. After the song was turned off and started this noise. The priest was the one who ordered it (it was said that during the duration space paternoster, but used more extended time) and ordered to turn himself again, candles and lights the church to finish the act.
The office of darkness, as remembered by many older people, it was celebrated in almost every church, is like holding a funeral or funerals, for not short psalms, or anthems or responsories funeral and mourning. Also, there is music and pictures of the churches were covered with cloth to mourn the death of Christ. And all this accompanied by darkness in the church. Such was the impression that the act caused, especially in children, and also some older, they retreated to their homes thinking that Christ's death had happened again, so real, on this day. Such were the personal experiences and the connection between life and religious practice in those years.
We can not forget the symbolic meaning they are acts of tenebrario blow out the candles and the noise that occurs at the end. In the first category is intended to remind Christians of Jesus leaving his disciples and friends, while he was tormented by the Jews. The only candle end also recalls Christ. The final noise indicates seizures and disturbances of nature at the moment of the Savior's death.
The Miserere, Latin word of the Psalm and called, and it means 'pity and have mercy', we remembered that was the last Tenebrae psalm, but usually sing frequently at other times of Lent and especially Holy Week, both in churches and in the streets and squares during the processions. In this case in a more solemn. To do this they do in Latin and possibly also with more darkness than light.
A widespread folk custom was that, for the singing of the Miserere in some places they formed two groups of people, as a choir in the church. Some were placed near the altar, next to the priest and others, with the sexton or other person in the choir, vestry, etc. It was enough that they were some distance. In the song the two groups were alternating verses, producing a feeling of remoteness, combined with a change of voices, tones and even how. This was precisely the impression you wanted to make and still is a source of memory for many.
Among the variety of liturgical celebrations of the Roman Church during Holy Week, one of the most poignant was always Tenebrae, Officium Tenebrarum , which is nothing thing the singing or recitation of the liturgical hours Matins and Lauds of the Thursday, Friday and Saturday Saints, moved to the previous day, always at dusk, to enable greater participation of Christians. With the song of the various antiphons, responses and psalms and readings for the Triduum sacrum, will remember the Passion of Christ, his agony and death and his funeral and burial. And all in near darkness, with only the candles on a tenebrario.
In this act, in which there was always the sound of rattles, rattles and other objects, as we shall see, they want to remember the last moments in the life of Christ: "From the sixth hour were extended darkness over the land until the ninth hour. By the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice saying, "Eli, Eli, sabacthani motto! (My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me) ... (Matt. 27, 45-46 ). "... The curtain of the temple was torn from top to bottom in two parts, the earth shook and the rocks were split, the monuments were opened and many bodies of saints which slept resurrected ..." (Matt. 27, 51 - 52).
The word, which comes from the Latin tenebras , meaning darkness, no light, it is by the late afternoon when they pray or sing. The same source has tenebrario (tenebrarius) referring to the chandelier triangular of 15 candles or candles that are off during the song. (Some say it only has 13 candles representing the twelve apostles and Jesus Christ, who is represented by the one standing out in the middle of it). This chandelier was made of wood, although they were of iron, and is about a foot high, standing out in the middle of the church or presbytery.
Before the liturgical reform of 1956, this religious act of darkness was celebrated with solemnity and was very striking to the point of being easily remembered by the elderly. Today, even those who pray the hours required to do so, the external rite has disappeared and, if at any place the recall, they do completely different. But here we want to make this a tradition.
Eventually, the evening of Wednesday, the priest, dressed in dark clothes, approaches the altar, light the candle and begins tenebrario songs and readings for these hours. Can accompany the sexton or others.
To all this the church is full of parishioners, was normal at that time almost all the neighbors went to this and the other events of this week. Even the children were happy, it was the day or time, which could touch like the clappers or rattles, saved for the rest del año.
A medida que se van cantando los salmos, se van apagando las velas (salmo a salmo y vela a vela, se decía). Al finalizar, se habían apagado las catorce velas, pues hay tres salmos en cada uno de los tres nocturnos de maitines y cinco en los de laudes. Después de cantar el miserere y apagar la última vela, junto con las demás luces, el templo queda completamente a oscuras. Es en este preciso instante cuando clero y fieles inician el ruido. Los niños tocan sus matracas o carracas; alguien se encarga de que suenen todas las campanas de la iglesia; en algunos lugares, también llevan y tocan otros instrumentos como cencerros, mazos, etc.; o golpean los bancos, patean el suelo e incluso hablan, Shout, or move the couches or chairs in the church. This is causing the most noise. It is the night of noise and darkness, symbolizing the death of Christ. And
, both in parishes and in private homes, used to be rattles knockers or deck, and rattles of one or two tabs, for use in these very days.
Amid the noise, unforgettable for those who lived it, and building or covered in darkness, there were plenty of bad jokes and acts like people up with others, especially among younger people, like nailing dresses and cloaks for women in banks, and they even cause damage to the church furniture, benches, pews and confessionals. This and other reasons the church moved to gradually ceased to celebrate this way.
After no more than ten or fifteen minutes is going on again, little by little, the lights of the church and there was a great silence, a silence, we can say, almost mournful, as is the remembrance of Christ's death that was close. In fact, from this moment, the bells of the church, among other things, cease to ring. Only rattles and rattles were heard in the streets of the village to warn the trades. And so to celebrate the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday in the water, especially light, will be the stars, water purification and light, winner of darkness, as the Resurrection was the winner of death.
In the darkness there was a whole ceremonial, in order to continue to blow out the candles with snuffers (or extinguishers), first the lower side of the Gospel and then the lower side of the letter and so on until the middle, call Mary or some candle white candle, representing Christ, Light of the world. After the song was turned off and started this noise. The priest was the one who ordered it (it was said that during the duration space paternoster, but used more extended time) and ordered to turn himself again, candles and lights the church to finish the act.
The office of darkness, as remembered by many older people, it was celebrated in almost every church, is like holding a funeral or funerals, for not short psalms, or anthems or responsories funeral and mourning. Also, there is music and pictures of the churches were covered with cloth to mourn the death of Christ. And all this accompanied by darkness in the church. Such was the impression that the act caused, especially in children, and also some older, they retreated to their homes thinking that Christ's death had happened again, so real, on this day. Such were the personal experiences and the connection between life and religious practice in those years.
We can not forget the symbolic meaning they are acts of tenebrario blow out the candles and the noise that occurs at the end. In the first category is intended to remind Christians of Jesus leaving his disciples and friends, while he was tormented by the Jews. The only candle end also recalls Christ. The final noise indicates seizures and disturbances of nature at the moment of the Savior's death.
The Miserere, Latin word of the Psalm and called, and it means 'pity and have mercy', we remembered that was the last Tenebrae psalm, but usually sing frequently at other times of Lent and especially Holy Week, both in churches and in the streets and squares during the processions. In this case in a more solemn. To do this they do in Latin and possibly also with more darkness than light.
A widespread folk custom was that, for the singing of the Miserere in some places they formed two groups of people, as a choir in the church. Some were placed near the altar, next to the priest and others, with the sexton or other person in the choir, vestry, etc. It was enough that they were some distance. In the song the two groups were alternating verses, producing a feeling of remoteness, combined with a change of voices, tones and even how. This was precisely the impression you wanted to make and still is a source of memory for many.
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